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Conization includes removing of a part of the cervical tissue. This procedure id usually done to examine closely abnormal PAP or biopsy test results. Conization allows an exhaustive analysis of the removed tissue to be performed and to determine the presence and the number of abnormal cells. Depending on the results, further interventions or careful monitoring could be required.
Diagnosis: To get a tissue sample for a histological examination, especially if other diagnostic procedures such as PAP test or colposcopy have indicated the presence of abnormal cells.
Treatment: To remove abnormal, precancerous cells or cancer cells in the early stage, in order to prevent the cervical cancer from progressing.
There are various ways to perform conization:
Preparation:The patient is usually given instructions on the preparations needed prior to the procedure, which might involve fasting, avoiding certain medications etc.
Anesthesia: Local anesthesia is usually used, but general anesthesia can be used as well, especially for cold knife conization.
Execution: A cone-shaped tissue sample is cut out from the cervix tissue, making sure the edges are clear of abnormal cells.
After the procedure: The patient may experience cramping, bleeding and discharge. Recovery time and the advice for the post-op time depend on the type of conization.
Bleeding: Bleeding after this procedure is common, but should not turn into hemorrhage
Infection: There is a risk of infection, which should require antibiotic treatment
Cervical stenosis: The cervix might narrow down after the procedure, which might affect the menstrual flow and fertility
Influence on pregnancy: There could be higher risk of premature birth or cervical insufficiency during the next pregnancy.
Follow-up check-ups would be needed to ensure that every abnormal cell has been removed or if needed, additional PAP or HPV tests might be required.
Conization is an important procedure for diagnosing and treating precancerous conditions and early-stage cervical cancer. Although there are certain risks, it can be included in the prevention of the cervical cancer cells spreading. Patients should discuss both the advantages and disadvantages or risks about the procedure with their attending doctor, before making an informed decision.
